Cases made easy - A simple explanation of Russian noun cases
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In this video I explain Russian noun cases in a simple and straightforward way. I show you how Russian cases correlate to English grammar.
When trying to understand the general meaning of the grammatical cases in Russian, it
is important to remember that nouns change forms depending on several things: gender
(masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), case (nominative, genetive,
accusative, dative, instrumental, prepositional/locative), animate or inanimate, and
declension (depending on how the ending of the noun is spelled).
The purpose of this video is to provide an easy explanation of the meaning
of Russian cases, in relation to English, for beginners.
Nominative case - Именительный падеж
As with other website, textbooks, and teachers - let's start with the nominative
case.
The nominative case is, in essence, the subject of the sentence. This case is also
the form of the noun that you will find in the dictionary. The English word
"nominative" comes from the Latin word for "name". The Russian word "именительный"
comes from the root "имя", meaning "name".
Genetive case - Родительный падеж
The genetive case tells us where something originates from. It is used to express the
same ideas that are expressed by "of", apostrophe + "s", and "from" in English. The
English word "genetive" is related to the verb "generate". In Russian, "родить" means
"to give birth to".
Accusative case - Винительный падеж
The accusative case is used for the direct object of the sentence. If you're not
familiar with English grammar, the direct object is the noun which receives the
initial action of the verb. For example, in the sentence "I gave the ball to the
dog." the word "ball" is the direct object.
Dative case - Дательный падеж
The dative case is used for the indirect object of the sentence. If you're not
familiar with English grammar, the indirect object is the noun which receives the
secondary action of the verb. For example, in the sentence "I gave the ball to the
dog." the word "dog" is the indirect object. The dative case can generally be thought
of as "at", "to", "towards", or "for" someone or something if it is used without a
prepostion. The dative case can also be used to describe "along" or "on" something.
Instrumental case - Творительный падеж
The instrumental case tells us what we use to do something. It can often be
associated with the English words "with" or "by", but sometimes doesn't require a
preposition to be present. It is also used to show that one object is located a short
distance from, or in the vicinity of, another object. It is also used with the
prepositions "over" and "under".
Prepositional / Locative case - Предложный падеж
The prepositional case, also known as the locative case, describes the location or
position of a noun. It is often used with prepositions such as "on", "at", "in",
"about", and others.
I hope this simple explanation of each Russian grammar case helps you better
understand their general meaning. By understanding cases in a general way, you should
be able to comprehend a wider number of texts and phrases in Russian. Remember, there
are a lot of different factors that influence the way nouns change in Russian. Don't
get overwhelmed. Separate them into parts and find short, easy phrases that will help
you memorize general rules.
I suggest starting with a general understanding of the meanings of cases, as
described in this article, then moving on to number, then gender, then declension,
then case, and finally animate and inanimate nouns. Good luck and enjoy!
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Russian cases made easy - A simple explanation of Russian noun cases - Russian Grammar culture and imperialism | |
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